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ORIGINAL ARTICLE07-29-2024
Evidence of validity of the Risk Self-Medication Questionnaire focused on Health Literacy
Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem. 2024;77(3):e20230386
Abstract
ORIGINAL ARTICLEEvidence of validity of the Risk Self-Medication Questionnaire focused on Health Literacy
Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem. 2024;77(3):e20230386
DOI 10.1590/0034-7167-2023-0386
Views0See moreABSTRACT
Objectives:
to analyze the validity evidence of the internal structure of the Risk Self-Medication Questionnaire Focused on Health Literacy.
Methods:
a psychometric study with 499 adults. The internal structure was assessed with exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis to prove the adjustment. Internal consistency was measured by composite reliability and McDonald’s omega coefficient (ω).
Results:
the parameters revealed a model of 35 items distributed across four factors, explaining 56% of the total variance, with factor loadings ranging from 0.31 to 0.85 and adequate communalities. Accuracy (0.79
Conclusions:
an instrument was obtained with good evidence of structural validity for measuring self-medication.
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE07-29-2024
Nurses’ perspectives on nurses’ work methods
Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem. 2024;77(3):e20230374
Abstract
ORIGINAL ARTICLENurses’ perspectives on nurses’ work methods
Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem. 2024;77(3):e20230374
DOI 10.1590/0034-7167-2023-0374
Views0See moreABSTRACT
Objectives:
To analyze nurses’ perspectives on nurses’ work methods in the hospital context.
Methods:
A descriptive study with a qualitative approach was conducted in a hospital in northern Portugal, involving 17 nurses. Semi-structured interviews were used for data collection. Data collected between May and June 2023 underwent content analysis, supported by Atlas.ti software.
Results:
Three thematic areas emerged: “Nurses’ work methods in a hospital context,” highlighting the conception and components of work methods and the methods in use; “Implementation of nurses’ work methods,” emphasizing influencing factors and challenges to implementation; and “Impact of nurses’ work methods on patients, nurses, and institutions.”
Final Considerations:
Nurses’ work methods constitute the structure of nursing care. Some factors influence and some challenges arise in the implementation of these methods, producing impacts on patients, nurses, and institutions.
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE07-29-2024
Nursing Process for institutionalized older adults: contributions from knowledge awareness workshop
Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem. 2024;77(3):e20230349
Abstract
ORIGINAL ARTICLENursing Process for institutionalized older adults: contributions from knowledge awareness workshop
Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem. 2024;77(3):e20230349
DOI 10.1590/0034-7167-2023-0349
Views0See moreABSTRACT
Objective:
To analyze the knowledge of professionals working in a Nursing Home about the Nursing Process before and after the awareness workshop.
Methods:
This is strategic action research, developed with nursing professionals and managers of a Nursing Home in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Data were collected between January and June 2023, through semi-structured interviews before and after an awareness workshop. Discursive textual analysis of the data was carried out.
Results:
The central category “Understanding about the Nursing Process in Nursing Homes” emerged, which was unitized into two units of meaning and three categories of analysis.
Conclusion:
Data revealed non-use and lack of knowledge of the Nursing Process before awareness raising. Afterwards, a deeper understanding of the topic and its importance was identified. Awareness-raising workshops contribute to transformation of knowledge.
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE07-29-2024
Excessive daytime sleepiness in nursing technicians: association with sleep quality and memory
Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem. 2024;77(3):e20230332
Abstract
ORIGINAL ARTICLEExcessive daytime sleepiness in nursing technicians: association with sleep quality and memory
Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem. 2024;77(3):e20230332
DOI 10.1590/0034-7167-2023-0332
Views0See moreABSTRACT
Objective:
to investigate excessive daytime sleepiness prevalence among nursing technicians and the association with sleep quality and memory.
Methods:
a cross-sectional, inferential study, carried out in a hospital unit in the state of Goiás between December 2020 and January 2021. Assessments were carried out using the Epworth Sleepiness Scale, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and the Prospective and Retrospective Memory Questionnaire, instruments validated for the Brazilian context. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyzes were performed.
Results:
the sample consisted of 189 nursing technicians with a 40.9% excessive daytime sleepiness prevalence. In multivariate models, excessive daytime sleepiness was not associated with sleep quality, however there was a significant association with overall memory failures.
Conclusions:
study results demonstrate a high excessive daytime sleepiness occurrence, an association with overall memory failures and the need for psychosocial interventions for nursing technicians.
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE07-29-2024
Educational technology for multidisciplinary training for managing waiting lists for elective patients
Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem. 2024;77(3):e20230299
Abstract
ORIGINAL ARTICLEEducational technology for multidisciplinary training for managing waiting lists for elective patients
Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem. 2024;77(3):e20230299
DOI 10.1590/0034-7167-2023-0299
Views1See moreABSTRACT
Objectives:
to construct and assess an educational technology for managing patient waiting lists for multidisciplinary training.
Methods:
study supported by Instructional Design – ADDIE model, whose stages of construction of educational technology were developed in the form of a multi-professional training course. Its respective content assessment was carried out by a committee of experts from 2021 to 2022. The analysis occurred based on the proportion of content adequacy with 95% Confidence Interval.
Results:
seventeen products were created as educational technology learning objects: five storyboards; four videos; three comic books; two pedagogical action plans; a mind map; and a YouTube® playlist. Nine experts assessed content adequacy, which reached 0.89.
Conclusions:
this educational technology contributes to the performance of professionals who manage waiting lists by reducing inequalities, alleviating differences, in addition to promoting equity in care and good health for patients in the Brazilian Health System.
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE07-29-2024
Fuzzy Logic: vulnerability of women who have sex with women to sexually transmitted infections
Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem. 2024;77(3):e20230271
Abstract
ORIGINAL ARTICLEFuzzy Logic: vulnerability of women who have sex with women to sexually transmitted infections
Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem. 2024;77(3):e20230271
DOI 10.1590/0034-7167-2023-0271
Views0ABSTRACT
Objective:
To describe the possibility of applying Fuzzy Logic in analyzing the vulnerability of Women Who Have Sex with Women to Sexually Transmitted Infections/HIV/AIDS.
Methods:
We developed a Fuzzy Logic system with 17 input variables and one output variable, using data related to vulnerability in a municipality located in the Midwest region of the State of São Paulo, Brazil.
Results:
The factor with the greatest positive impact was the confirmation that a low understanding of Sexually Transmitted Infections/HIV/AIDS is associated with higher vulnerability. Conversely, the statement “Not disclosing sexual activity to healthcare professionals,” where individuals do not admit to having sex with women, had the least impact.
Conclusions:
Fuzzy Logic facilitates the identification of vulnerability, expressed through the analysis of interaction between variables in each dimension. This makes it a promising method to assist in analyzing the vulnerability of specific populations.
Keywords:Fuzzy LogicHealth VulnerabilityReproductive HealthSexually Transmitted DiseasesWomen Who Have Sex With WomenSee more -
ORIGINAL ARTICLE07-29-2024
University Student Depression Inventory, Brazilian Version, Construct Assessment
Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem. 2024;77(3):e20230232
Abstract
ORIGINAL ARTICLEUniversity Student Depression Inventory, Brazilian Version, Construct Assessment
Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem. 2024;77(3):e20230232
DOI 10.1590/0034-7167-2023-0232
Views0See moreABSTRACT
Objectives:
to assess the University Student Depression Inventory, Brazilian version (USDI-BR), construct.
Methods:
a methodological study carried out with a snowball probabilistic sample, consisting of 334 undergraduate and graduate students. Confirmatory factor analysis, reliability using McDonald’s omega coefficient and Cronbach’s alpha were performed. Principal component analysis was performed using the varimax rotation and oblimin rotation, using the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin criteria, Bartlett’s test of sphericity and scree plot.
Results:
the USDI-BR presented an internal consistency of items of ω = 0.95 and remained with 30 items, with the addition of 1 factor (Death wish and social withdrawal), totaling 4 factors.
Conclusions:
the USDI-BR has evidence that points to its validity and also its internal consistency, deserving that new studies be carried out to expand the evidence of its psychometric properties.
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE07-29-2024
Family refusal of skin donation for transplantation: trends and associated factors
Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem. 2024;77(3):e20230209
Abstract
ORIGINAL ARTICLEFamily refusal of skin donation for transplantation: trends and associated factors
Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem. 2024;77(3):e20230209
DOI 10.1590/0034-7167-2023-0209
Views0See moreABSTRACT
Objectives:
to analyze the trends and factors associated with family refusal of skin donation for transplantation.
Methods:
this cross-sectional study was conducted in the State of São Paulo, with family authorization terms collected from 2001 to 2020. The variables analyzed included year, age, gender, cause of death, and type of institution. Data were analyzed using linear and multiple logistic regression, with the Odds Ratio estimated at p<0.05 for statistical significance.
Results:
1,355 individuals refused skin donation. The trend of refusals decreased between 2001 and 2009 in the age groups of 0-11 years and 12-19 years, but increased in the group aged ≥60 years. This trend continued to decrease in the 0-11 years group from 2010 to 2020, and increased in the 20-40 years group. Males and the age groups of 20-40 years, 41-59 years, and ≥60 years exhibited 27%, 34%, 47%, and 53% lower chances of refusal, respectively.
Conclusions:
there is an urgent need for measures to mitigate the high number of refusals associated with skin donation.
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE06-17-2024
Quality of life associated with nursing professionals’ individual resources and work
Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem. 2024;77(3):e20230476
Abstract
ORIGINAL ARTICLEQuality of life associated with nursing professionals’ individual resources and work
Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem. 2024;77(3):e20230476
DOI 10.1590/0034-7167-2023-0476
Views0See moreABSTRACT
Objectives:
to assess the physical and mental components of nursing professionals’ quality of life and associate them with individual, health and work characteristics.
Methods:
cross-sectional research, with nursing professionals from a university hospital in São Paulo. Own questionnaire and validated instruments were applied.
Results:
the overall quality of life was compromised. The physical component was lower in relation to low family income and among those who perceived greater control/pressure at work, and better for those who practiced physical activity and had support of leader and organization. The mental component was lower in professionals who reported dissatisfaction with work, worse self-rated physical health and were older. Scores for both components reduced due to work-related illnesses, worse work ability and increased daytime sleepiness.
Conclusions:
quality of life was statistically associated with controllable institutional factors and individual resources that, except age, can be promoted.
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE06-17-2024
Giving meaning to internalized violence throughout life by older adults living in rural areas
Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem. 2024;77(3):e20230163
Abstract
ORIGINAL ARTICLEGiving meaning to internalized violence throughout life by older adults living in rural areas
Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem. 2024;77(3):e20230163
DOI 10.1590/0034-7167-2023-0163
Views0See moreABSTRACT
Objectives:
to understand the meanings of violence internalized throughout life by older adults living in rural areas.
Methods:
a qualitative study, anchored in the Symbolic Interactionism theoretical framework and the Grounded Theory methodological framework in the constructivist aspect. Data collection occurred through individual interviews. Data were coded using the Atlas.ti software.
Results:
it was possible to identify that the context of rural areas strengthens patriarchy culture as well as contributing to violence silence and naturalization. It was also found that violence is a product of social inequality and gender inequality.
Final Considerations:
older adults living in rural areas internalized the violence suffered in a unique way, and this scenario’s specific aspects can increase intra-family abuse, as there is a patriarchal culture that promotes social and gender inequality.
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ERRATUM06-14-2024
ERRATUM
Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem. 2024;77(2):e2024n2e06
Abstract
ERRATUMERRATUM
Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem. 2024;77(2):e2024n2e06
DOI 10.1590/0034-7167.20247702e06
Views0In the article “Is there scientific relevance to the plot of films and documentaries about eating disorders?”, with DOI number: , published in Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem, 2024;77(1):e20220547, page 7:Where it read:[…]See more -
ERRATUM06-14-2024
ERRATUM
Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem. 2024;77(2):e2024n2e05
Abstract
ERRATUMERRATUM
Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem. 2024;77(2):e2024n2e05
DOI 10.1590/0034-7167.20247702e05
Views0In the article “Educational technologies used to promote self-care for people with diabetes mellitus: integrative review”, with DOI number: , published in Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem, 2023;76(Suppl 4):e20230049, in the title:Where it read:[…]See more -
REVIEW06-14-2024
Lean and/or Six Sigma for process optimization in the perioperative period: an integrative review
Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem. 2024;77(2):e20230431
Abstract
REVIEWLean and/or Six Sigma for process optimization in the perioperative period: an integrative review
Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem. 2024;77(2):e20230431
DOI 10.1590/0034-7167-2023-0431
Views0See moreABSTRACT
Objective:
To analyze the evidence on the influence of Lean and/or Six Sigma for process optimization in the perioperative period.
Methods:
Integrative review carried out in the MEDLINE (PubMed), Web of Science, EMBASE, CINAHL, Scopus and LILACS databases on the use of Lean and/or Six Sigma to optimize perioperative processes. The studies included were analyzed in three thematic categories: flow of surgical patients, work process and length of stay.
Results:
The final sample consisted of ten studies, which covered all operative periods. Lean and/or Six Sigma make a significant contribution to optimizing perioperative processes.
Final considerations:
Lean and/or Six Sigma optimize perioperative processes to maximize the achievement of system stability indicators, making it possible to identify potential problems in order to recognize them and propose solutions that can enable the institution of patient-centered care.
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE06-14-2024
Strategies used by nurses regarding underreporting of rural work accidents due to pesticide use
Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem. 2024;77(2):e20230384
Abstract
ORIGINAL ARTICLEStrategies used by nurses regarding underreporting of rural work accidents due to pesticide use
Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem. 2024;77(2):e20230384
DOI 10.1590/0034-7167-2023-0384
Views0See moreABSTRACT
Objective:
To learn the strategies used regarding underreporting of pesticide use in rural areas.
Methods:
A qualitative study was carried out in eight primary healthcare units in rural areas and two emergency care units in a municipality in southern Brazil. Data collection took place in 2023 through interviews. Twenty professional nurses participated. The data was submitted to content analysis.
Results:
The strategies identified were lifelong and continuing education for the professionals who carry out the notification, active search and training of workers who deal directly with this type of substance, computerizing the notification by filling in the forms online, and carrying out research on the subject.
Final considerations:
Nurses play an important role in reporting occupational accidents caused by the use of pesticides, improving occupational safety in rural areas.
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Teoria de médio alcance do diagnóstico de enfermagem sobrepeso
Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem. 2024;77(2):e20230372
Abstract
Teoria de médio alcance do diagnóstico de enfermagem sobrepeso
Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem. 2024;77(2):e20230372
DOI 10.1590/0034-7167-2023-0372
Views0See moreRESUMEN
Objetivo:
Construir una teoría de rango medio para el diagnóstico de enfermería Sobrepeso en adolescentes y adultos jóvenes.
Métodos:
Estudio metodológico a la luz de los marcos teóricos de Roy y de Lopes, Silva y Herdman. Un total de 3.925 artículos fueron recuperados y evaluados utilizando el software State of the Art Through Systematic Review. La muestra final fue de 28 artículos.
Resultados:
Los resultados convergieron en 3 atributos esenciales, 13 antecedentes y 7 consecuencias. Se construyó una teoría de rango medio compuesta por un diagrama ilustrado, 11 proposiciones y 12 relaciones causales.
Consideraciones finales:
A partir de la creación de la teoría, fue posible comprender mejor el diagnóstico de enfermería Sobrepeso en el contexto de adolescentes y adultos jóvenes. La comprensión de los fenómenos de enfermería contribuye para el avance y fortalecimiento de la ciencia de enfermería.
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REFLECTION01-01-2017
Bath for dependent patients: theorizing aspects of nursing care in rehabilitation
Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem. 2017;70(6):1337-1342
Abstract
REFLECTIONBath for dependent patients: theorizing aspects of nursing care in rehabilitation
Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem. 2017;70(6):1337-1342
DOI 10.1590/0034-7167-2016-0258
Views0See moreABSTRACT
Objective:
to produce a reflective essay on what has been produced in relation to bath as a procedure related to nursing care and diagnosis for dependent patients undergoing mediate and immediate rehabilitation processes after a traumatic event.
Method:
discursive, reflective study supported by classical content analysis consisting of the following stages: a) reading of the texts in their most comprehensive form; b) emphasizing the relevant elements produced about bathing; c) reflection on texts and what is produced about bathing.
Results:
the texts point out to three categories for nursing practice and reflection: Meaning to patients on the purposes of bathing; Representation for nurses in the work process; Representation for nurses in the management of care and nursing care planning.
Conclusion:
the reflection points out understandings on bathing as a care focused on the autonomy of nursing rehabilitation patients, requiring further investigations.
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REVIEW01-01-2017
Clinical indicators for nursing diagnosis Ineffective protection in adolescents with cancer
Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem. 2017;70(6):1330-1336
Abstract
REVIEWClinical indicators for nursing diagnosis Ineffective protection in adolescents with cancer
Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem. 2017;70(6):1330-1336
DOI 10.1590/0034-7167-2016-0571
Views0See moreABSTRACT
Objective:
To investigate scientific evidence related to the term protection and clinical indicators and etiologic factors for nursing diagnosis Ineffective protection in adolescents with cancer.
Method:
Integrative literature review in the databases of Scopus, Web of Science, National Library of Medicine and National Institutes of Health (PubMed) and Cochrane; by intersection of the descriptors protection and childhood cancer, which resulted in seven articles. These were insufficient for a comprehension of the term protection and aspects related to its impairment, therefore it was necessary to include a further three reference books.
Results:
Five clinical indicators and three etiologic factors associated to Ineffective protection were identified some of which were not cited in NANDA-International.
Conclusions:
There are clinical and etiologic factors important for the identification of ineffective protection in adolescents with cancer.
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REVIEW01-01-2017
Supported self-care for children and adolescents with chronic disease and their families
Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem. 2017;70(6):1318-1329
Abstract
REVIEWSupported self-care for children and adolescents with chronic disease and their families
Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem. 2017;70(6):1318-1329
DOI 10.1590/0034-7167-2016-0553
Views0See moreABSTRACT
Objective:
analyze the scientific production between 2006 and 2015 on strategies for supported self-care by children and adolescents with chronic disease and their families.
Method:
integrative review of the literature conducted July and August 2016 in the databases: BDENF, LILACS, IBECS, ADOLEC, MEDLINE/PubMed and SCIELO. The 27 selected studies were analyzed and categorized into the five pillars of supported self-care: evaluation, counseling, agreement, care and accompaniment.
Results:
only two studies covered all five pillars, evaluation was considered most, but accompaniment was essential for adherence to the therapeutics of the goal plan. There was a prevalence of actions to evaluate the emotional state of the child/adolescent/family and technological interventions to empower the individual in self-care.
Final considerations:
these actions are concentrated in countries with health systems directed to the health needs of people with chronic disease. In Brazil, this is still incipient, since the actions are focused on exacerbation.
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REVIEW01-01-2017
Systemic Arterial Hypertension in people living with HIV/AIDS: integrative review
Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem. 2017;70(6):1309-1317
Abstract
REVIEWSystemic Arterial Hypertension in people living with HIV/AIDS: integrative review
Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem. 2017;70(6):1309-1317
DOI 10.1590/0034-7167-2016-0416
Views0See moreABSTRACT
Objective:
To analyze scientific productions about the relationship between HIV and Systemic Arterial Hypertension (SAH) in people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA).
Method:
Integrative literature review in six databases, held in March 2016. “AIDS” and “hypertension” were the keywords used in Portuguese, English and Spanish languages. We found 248 articles and selected 17. The categories formulated were “prevalence of SAH in PLWHA,” “risk factors for SAH in PLWHA” and “adverse events of antiretroviral therapy (ART) that contribute to HAS.”
Results:
There is no consensus whether HIV and ART influence the SAH development, but there are several risk factors for SAH among PLWHA. It was observed that protease inhibitors medicines influence SAH the most.
Conclusion:
Guidelines for SAH prevention must be performed in all individuals, however, in PLWHA, they must focus on characteristic risk factors of this population.
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REVIEW01-01-2017
Managing febrile neutropenia in adult cancer patients: an integrative review of the literature
Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem. 2017;70(6):1301-1308
Abstract
REVIEWManaging febrile neutropenia in adult cancer patients: an integrative review of the literature
Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem. 2017;70(6):1301-1308
DOI 10.1590/0034-7167-2016-0247
Views0ABSTRACT
Objective:
To analyze the interventions performed by health professionals with a view to managing chemotherapy-induced febrile neutropenia.
Method:
Integrative literature review, the sample of 12 primary articles was selected from the following databases: LILACS, SciELO, BVS, PubMed, CINAHL and Web of Science.
Results:
There was a prevalence of studies, realized by doctors, focused on pharmacological treatment and on the association of methods for greater diagnostic accuracy of febrile neutropenia. A study was found on pharmaceutical management regarding antibiotic dosing efficacy and a study indicating that nurses could contribute to the identification of elderly patients who would benefit from prophylactic use of growth factor.
Conclusion:
There was a shortage of studies involving the participation of other health professionals, besides the doctors, and a knowledge gap regarding interprofessional practice in the management of interventions specific to their area of specialism, joint interventions and non-pharmacological interventions.
Keywords:Chemotherapy-Induced Febrile NeutropeniaHospital Oncology ServiceManagementOncologyPatient Care TeamSee more -
CASE STUDY01-01-2017
Neonatal appendicitis: a survival case study
Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem. 2017;70(6):1296-1300
Abstract
CASE STUDYNeonatal appendicitis: a survival case study
Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem. 2017;70(6):1296-1300
DOI 10.1590/0034-7167-2016-0610
Views0See moreABSTRACT
Objective:
To report a case of neonatal appendicitis in a children’s hospital in southern Brazil, demonstrating the impact on neonatal survival.
Method:
Case study with data collection from medical records, approved by the Institution and Ethics Committee for Research with Human Beings.
Results:
The clinical picture is initially characterized by food intolerance, evolving to hypoactivity, alteration of vital signs and septicemia due to intestinal perforation. Management is exclusively surgical, since no case described in the literature was diagnosed preoperatively and the findings usually point to acute abdomen.
Conclusion:
A focused clinical surveillance should be established when the infant presents peritoneal irritation. Follow-up of the evolution and the worsening of the symptoms by nurses, as part of the care team in partnership with the medical team, enables an early surgical intervention, thereby avoiding complications such as septicemia and death.
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CASE STUDY01-01-2017
Use of virtual reality for treating burned children: case reports
Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem. 2017;70(6):1291-1295
Abstract
CASE STUDYUse of virtual reality for treating burned children: case reports
Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem. 2017;70(6):1291-1295
DOI 10.1590/0034-7167-2016-0575
Views0See moreABSTRACT
Objective:
To report the use of virtual reality (VR) in pain intensity during dressing change of two burned children hospitalized in a Burn Treatment Center (BTC) in Southern Brazil.
Method:
Case report on the use of VR during dressing change of two burned children hospitalized in a BTC, from May to July 2016. For assessing pain, a facial pain rating scale was applied at four times: just before the dressing, during the dressing without the use of VR, during the dressing with the VR, and after the use of VR.
Results:
The use of goggles was easy to apply and well-accepted by the children, and also had a relevant effect reducing pain.
Conclusion:
VR can become an important nonpharmacological method for treating pain in burned children.
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