Articles - Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem

ABSTRACT

Objective:

To analyze caregivers’ knowledge about prevention of domestic accidents in early childhood and its association with education level.

Methods:

This is a cross-sectional study conducted in a Primary Care Unit in Niterói with caregivers (convenience sample) of children under 6 years old. To classify the knowledge, we adopted the Positivity Index; to verify the association between the variable “schooling” and knowledge, the chi square test was used; statistically significant results: p < 0.05.

Results:

A total of 256 caregivers participated; 93.5% showed adequate knowledge. In the individual items, the knowledge (100%) about prevention of accidents with sharp toys, firearms, intoxication by products stood out; and less frequently (64.5%), the knowledge of the information contained in the Child’s Health Booklet. There was no statistically significant association (p = 0.237) between education and knowledge. Conclusion: The caregivers presented knowledge about the prevention of domestic accidents, and this was not associated with the level of education.

ABSTRACT

Objectives:

To analyze the social representations of nurses who work with assisted human reproduction about the operation with reproductive biotechnologies.

Methods:

Qualitative approach, supported by the Theory of Social Representations, with sixteen participants. Individual, semi-structured interviews, analyzed through the Alceste software.

Results:

Pragmatic elements related to nurses’ performance from a professional, institutional, and public policy perspective in reproductive biotechnologies emerged, demonstrating the practical dimension of these representations. The characteristics of the professional to act in this area were addressed, showing the lack of information and search for scientificity; precarious perception of the organizational structure of health services; and attributions of nursing care arising from the health care practice in assisted human reproduction.

Final considerations:

Social representation is anchored in the link between technology/medicalization and humanization/reception regarding reproductive biotechnologies. Working in assisted human reproduction involves a new and challenging nursing care, requiring specific and ethical knowledge.

ABSTRACT

Objectives:

To estimate the prevalence of cardiometabolic diseases and their association with polypharmacy in elderly people at the University of the Third Age (Portuguese acronym: UnATI).

Methods:

A cross-sectional, descriptive, analytical study with 121 elderly patients. The prevalence ratio, Pearson’s Chi-square test and Fisher’s exact test were used as measures of association.

Results:

At the mean age of 68.3, most elderly had at least one cardiometabolic disease (82.6%), of which hypertension was the most prevalent (71.1%), and consumed prescription drugs of continuous use (92.6%). Almost half of the elderly (48.2%) used combinations of drugs, which suggests a high cardiovascular risk. Polypharmacy due to prescription was observed in almost one-third (28.6%) of the sample, associated with the use of antihypertensives (p=0.004), antidiabetics (p=0.000) or lipid-lowering agents (p<0.000).

Conclusions:

Clinical guidelines recommend changes in lifestyle, but increased pharmacotherapy prevails in practice, which increases the risk of adverse events, especially in old age.

ABSTRACT

Objectives:

To understand the actions of nurses toward obesity in primary health care units.

Methods:

A phenomenological study was carried out with 12 nurses of a city in the state of Minas Gerais. The interviews were organized into categories and analyzed according to the social phenomenology of Alfred Schütz and literature associated with the theme.

Results:

The following categories emerged, expressing the actions of nurses toward obesity prevention and control: “Guidance on healthy lifestyle habits”, “Barriers to the actions of nurses”, and “Focusing specifically on obesity”.

Final considerations:

Considering that guidance on healthy lifestyle habits was mostly carried out during individual and collective activities directed to the general population, regardless of their weight conditions, nurses must reorganize their professional practice in primary health care units by implementing specific actions for users with obesity or at risk of developing it.

ABSTRACT

Objective:

To estimate the incidence and degree of acute radiodermatitis at the end and after the end of treatment in women with breast cancer undergoing hypofractionated radiotherapy.

Methods:

Observational, prospective, and longitudinal study, conducted between March 2019 and January 2020, in a radiotherapy outpatient clinic.

Results:

Thirty-two women participated in the study, among whom, in the last session of hypofractionated radiotherapy, 15 (46.9%) had radiodermatitis, erythema in 13 (40.6%), and wet peeling in 2 (6.3%). In the post-treatment evaluation, 27 (84.4%) had radiodermatitis, erythema in 17 (53.1%), dry peeling in 8 (25%), and wet peeling in 2 (6.3%).

Conclusion:

The general incidence of radiodermatitis after hypofractionated radiotherapy in women with breast cancer was 37.5%, erythema, 12.5%, and dry peeling, 25%. The development of care protocols for the management of radiodermatitis after treatment is of paramount importance.