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ORIGINAL ARTICLE12-08-2024
Initial nipple damages in breastfeeding women: analysis of photographic images and clinical associations
Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem. 2024;77(1):e20220773
Abstract
ORIGINAL ARTICLEInitial nipple damages in breastfeeding women: analysis of photographic images and clinical associations
Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem. 2024;77(1):e20220773
DOI 10.1590/0034-7167-2022-0773
Views0See moreABSTRACT
Objective:
to analyze the initial nipple damage degree by breastfeeding practice and to associate findings with clinical manifestations of breastfeeding women.
Methods:
a retrospective, cross-sectional study with primary data and photographic images database from two randomized clinical trials. Photographic images were analyzed by two independent evaluators using the Nipple Trauma Score. For analysis, the chi-square, Mann-Whitney tests and Kappa coefficient were applied.
Results:
115 breastfeeding women and their respective 186 photographic images were analyzed. The degree of agreement of evaluators using the Nipple Trauma Score was 93.6%. The nipple pain score during breastfeeding was moderate and compromised more than 25% of the nipple surface area.
Conclusions:
assistance to breastfeeding women should prioritize nipple pain intensity instead of the nipple damage size.
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE12-08-2024
Safe practices for bed bathing in the intensive care unit: validation of a checklist
- Juliana Cristina Silva
, - Márcia Marques dos Santos Felix ,
- Rosa Helena Aparecida Gonçalves ,
- Isadora Braga Calegari ,
- Maria Beatriz Guimarães Raponi , [ … ],
- Maria Helena Barbosa
Abstract
ORIGINAL ARTICLESafe practices for bed bathing in the intensive care unit: validation of a checklist
Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem. 2024;77(1):e20230135
DOI 10.1590/0034-7167-2023-0135
- Juliana Cristina Silva ,
- Márcia Marques dos Santos Felix ,
- Rosa Helena Aparecida Gonçalves ,
- Isadora Braga Calegari ,
- Maria Beatriz Guimarães Raponi ,
- Maria Helena Barbosa
Views0See moreABSTRACT
Objective:
To validate a checklist for safe bathing in critically ill patients.
Methods:
This is a methodological and quantitative study. Researchers developed a checklist for safe bathing in critically ill patients consisting of 41 items, which were submitted to the apparent and content validation process, evaluated by eleven judges, and interobserver reliability. For reliability analysis, the instrument was applied in 54 bed bath procedures in the ICU; Kappa and CHF tests were used.
Results:
In the apparent and content validation, adjustments were made according to the judges’ suggestions. Kappa values ranged from moderate to almost perfect (0.462 to 0.962), and, in some items, there was 100% agreement; the reliability of the instrument was excellent (ICC = 0.962).
Conclusion:
The instrument proved to be dependable and easy to apply. Its use will contribute to safe bed bathing and subsidize interventions aimed at increasing the quality of care.
- Juliana Cristina Silva
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REVIEW11-29-2024
Assessment of knowledge in oncology about care for transgender people: a scoping review
- Fernanda Fachetti Xavier de Almeida ,
- Cremilson de Paula Silva ,
- Ricardo Souza Evangelista Sant’Ana ,
- Ruan Nilton Rodrigues Melo
Abstract
REVIEWAssessment of knowledge in oncology about care for transgender people: a scoping review
Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem. 2024;77:e20230532
DOI 10.1590/0034-7167-2023-0532
- Fernanda Fachetti Xavier de Almeida ,
- Cremilson de Paula Silva ,
- Ricardo Souza Evangelista Sant’Ana ,
- Ruan Nilton Rodrigues Melo
Views0See moreABSTRACT
Objective:
to identify evidence available in the literature on instruments and methodologies used to assess healthcare professionals’ knowledge about cancer care for the transgender population.
Methods:
a scoping review was conducted in seven databases, including studies that answered the question: what is the healthcare professionals’ level of knowledge about cancer care for the transgender population?
Results:
forty-one articles were selected that dealt specifically with healthcare professionals’knowledge in relation to care for the LGBTQIAPN+ population, especially the transgender population. Eighteen studies assessed patients’ perceptions of professionals’knowledge, whereas other studies used their own assessment tools, considering the global context of LGBTQIAPN+ health.
Conclusions:
there is no tested and validated instrument that assesses the knowledge about the transgender population’s oncological health, highlighting the need to construct and validate an instrument focused on this population’s needs.
- Fernanda Fachetti Xavier de Almeida
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE11-29-2024
Sleep quality of vulnerable elderly people: associated factors
- Ariene Angelini dos Santos-Orlandi ,
- Ana Carolina Ottaviani ,
- Elén dos Santos Alves ,
- Tábatta Renata Pereira de Brito ,
- Keika Inouye
Abstract
ORIGINAL ARTICLESleep quality of vulnerable elderly people: associated factors
Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem. 2024;77:e20230283
DOI 10.1590/0034-7167-2023-0283
- Ariene Angelini dos Santos-Orlandi ,
- Ana Carolina Ottaviani ,
- Elén dos Santos Alves ,
- Tábatta Renata Pereira de Brito ,
- Keika Inouye
Views0See moreABSTRACT
Objective:
To identify factors associated with poor sleep quality in elderly dependent individuals in social vulnerability.
Method:
Cross-sectional study with 59 elderly dependent individuals assisted by Family Health Units in São Carlos/SP. The following tools were used: Katz Index, Lawton and Brody Scale, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Addenbrooke’s Cognitive Examination Revised, Fried’s Frailty Phenotype, Geriatric Depression Scale (15 items), Perceived Stress Scale, Family APGAR, Social Support Scale from the Medical Outcomes Study, and World Health Organization Quality of Life, abbreviated and “old” versions.
Results:
The majority of participants were women (52.5%), aged 60-74 years (71.1%), and had poor sleep quality (76.2%). Stress (OR=1.12; 95%CI=1.02-1.22) and polypharmacy (OR=7.39; 95%CI=1.22-44.73) increased the chances of poor sleep quality, while physical activity decreased these chances (OR=0.15; 95%CI=0.02-0.79).
Conclusion:
Stress and polypharmacy are associated with poor sleep quality in elderly dependent individuals.
- Ariene Angelini dos Santos-Orlandi
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REVIEW11-22-2024
Transition to family parenting in the face of the first child: a scoping review
- Maria Isabel Ventura Araújo ,
- Alberto Carlos Marques Duarte ,
- Maria Henriqueta de Jesus Silva Figueiredo ,
- Carmen Maria da Silva Maciel Andrade
Abstract
REVIEWTransition to family parenting in the face of the first child: a scoping review
Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem. 2024;77(5):e20230487
DOI 10.1590/0034-7167-2023-0487
- Maria Isabel Ventura Araújo ,
- Alberto Carlos Marques Duarte ,
- Maria Henriqueta de Jesus Silva Figueiredo ,
- Carmen Maria da Silva Maciel Andrade
Views1See moreABSTRACT
Objectives:
to identify and summarize the elements that characterize the family transition process in relation to the first child.
Methods:
a scoping review was carried out based on JBI methodology, in six databases, following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews checklist.
Results:
ten articles were included with factors characterizing the transition, such as hindering/facilitating conditions that influence the process, important support structures in adaptation and strategies/responses used in the transition process.
Final Considerations:
elements characterizing the transition process in relation to the first child were identified. However, no theoretical explanation for this was identified. Further research should be carried out to obtain a deeper understanding of this process.
- Maria Isabel Ventura Araújo
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11-22-2024
Social Technology in the Prevention of Adolescent Violence: documentary production
- Daiane de Paulo Paltanin Silva ,
- Laura Christina Macedo ,
- Rafaela Gessner Lourenço ,
- Thammy Novakovski dos Santos
Abstract
Social Technology in the Prevention of Adolescent Violence: documentary production
Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem. 2024;77(5):e20230298
DOI 10.1590/0034-7167-2023-0298
- Daiane de Paulo Paltanin Silva ,
- Laura Christina Macedo ,
- Rafaela Gessner Lourenço ,
- Thammy Novakovski dos Santos
Views0See moreABSTRACT
Objective:
To report the development of a technological innovation in the form of a documentary, aimed at disseminating actions for preventing violence against adolescents within the context of Primary Health Care.
Methods:
The documentary was developed through action research and interventions with adolescents in the territory of a Health Unit, conducted between 2020 and 2022, using Social Technology as both an action strategy and a conceptual reference.
Results:
The Social Technology proposal, created through workshops and seminars, resulted in a documentary focusing on violence prevention, involving 48 adolescents. The documentary’s script, collectively developed, portrays a soccer match between teams symbolizing peace and violence, with peace ultimately prevailing. The documentary is six minutes long.
Final Considerations:
The documentary has proven to be an effective Social Technology tool among adolescents, as it fosters critical thinking, is accessible, has potential for digital dissemination, and appeals to the target audience.
- Daiane de Paulo Paltanin Silva
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE11-22-2024
Prevalence of prescription and effectiveness of analgesia for treating vaginal delivery pain
- Juan Ignacio Calcagno ,
- Sarah Iribarren ,
- Cristiane Flora Villarreal ,
- Patricia Santos de Oliveira ,
- Amado Nizarala de Ávila
Abstract
ORIGINAL ARTICLEPrevalence of prescription and effectiveness of analgesia for treating vaginal delivery pain
Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem. 2024;77(5):e20230327
DOI 10.1590/0034-7167-2023-0327
- Juan Ignacio Calcagno ,
- Sarah Iribarren ,
- Cristiane Flora Villarreal ,
- Patricia Santos de Oliveira ,
- Amado Nizarala de Ávila
Views0See moreABSTRACT
Objectives:
to assess pain management during labor.
Methods:
a cross-sectional study was carried out by reviewing medical records and conducting postpartum interviews. Prevalence and effectiveness of analgesia were assessed.
Results:
the prevalence of non-pharmacological analgesia was 61.86% of 215 women in labor in Obstetric Center and 82.51% of 62 in midwife-led unit. Prevalence of severe pain, on the Visual Analogue Scale, before and after non-pharmacological analgesia, was from 92.16% to 64.04% (p=0.00) in Obstetric Center and from 85.96% to 52.63% (p=0.01) in midwife-led unit. Prevalence of pharmacological analgesia in Obstetric Centers was 15.81%, with no variation in severe pain (p=0.57). Patients’ request for analgesia was associated with education (p=0.00) and pain intensity (p=0.02).
Conclusions:
non-pharmacological analgesia improved pain intensity. Prevalence of pharmacological analgesic prescription was lower than that identified in developed countries. Pain management needs to consider the preferences and needs of women in labor.
- Juan Ignacio Calcagno
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE11-22-2024
Perceptions from people with physical disabilities about accessibility and social conditions: interventions for rehabilitation nursing
- Rute Salomé da Silva Pereira ,
- Salomé Sobral Sousa ,
- Maria Manuela Martins ,
- Wiliam César Alves Machado ,
- Soraia Dornelles Schoeller
Abstract
ORIGINAL ARTICLEPerceptions from people with physical disabilities about accessibility and social conditions: interventions for rehabilitation nursing
Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem. 2024;77(5):e20240005
DOI 10.1590/0034-7167-2024-0005
- Rute Salomé da Silva Pereira ,
- Salomé Sobral Sousa ,
- Maria Manuela Martins ,
- Wiliam César Alves Machado ,
- Soraia Dornelles Schoeller
Views0ABSTRACT
Objectives:
to analyze the experiences of people with acquired physical disabilities regarding accessibility and social conditions; to identify nurse-led rehabilitation interventions for accessibility and social conditions; to determine nursing-sensitive indicators to improve accessibility and social conditions.
Methods:
a descriptive-exploratory qualitative study employed semi-structured interviews with people with acquired physical disabilities through purposive snowball sampling to address all objectives. Data analysis followed Bardin’s content analysis principles. Furthermore, objectives 2 and 3 were achieved through a reflective theoretical approach.
Results:
the 27 participants reported accessibility challenges, impacting activities of living and social conditions. This influences rehabilitation nursing, leading to three intervention fields: Assess the ability to perform activities of living and influencing factors; Develop and implement training to perform activities of living; Promote mobility, accessibility, and social participation.
Final Considerations:
based on participants experiences, we identified nurse-led rehabilitation interventions to promote accessibility and social conditions.
Keywords:Architectural AccessibilityPeople with DisabilitiesRehabilitation NursingSocial ConditionsSustainable Development GoalsSee more
- Rute Salomé da Silva Pereira
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REVIEW06-24-2020
Cost and effectiveness of Platelet Rich Plasma in the healing of varicose ulcer: Meta-analysis
- Beatriz Guitton Renaud Baptista de Oliveira ,
- Magali Rezende de Carvalho ,
- Andrea Pinto Leite Ribeiro
Abstract
REVIEWCost and effectiveness of Platelet Rich Plasma in the healing of varicose ulcer: Meta-analysis
Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem. 2020;73(4):e20180981
DOI 10.1590/0034-7167-2018-0981
- Beatriz Guitton Renaud Baptista de Oliveira ,
- Magali Rezende de Carvalho ,
- Andrea Pinto Leite Ribeiro
Views0See moreABSTRACT
Objectives:
to analyze the evidence on the cost and effectiveness of Plaque Rich Plasma in the treatment of venous ulcers compared to other topical therapies.
Methods:
systematic review, with search in the databases: COCHRANE, EMBASE, MEDLINE via PubMed, LILACS, CINAHL, SCOPUS, without temporal cut and in the English, Portuguese and Spanish languages.
Results:
fifteen articles were included, a cost-minimization analysis showed that the cost of Plaque Rich Plasma is € 163.00 ± 65.90, slightly higher than the cost of standard dressing. Regarding effectiveness, the results of the studies associated with the meta-analysis suggest a tendency that Plaque Rich Plasma is effective in the healing of venous ulcers.
Conclusions:
it is concluded that there are few studies about the cost of Platelet Rich Plasma and this product tends to be effective in the healing of venous ulcers. However, more controlled and randomized clinical studies are necessary in order to establish a stronger recommendation.
- Beatriz Guitton Renaud Baptista de Oliveira
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE06-01-2020
Nursing entrepreneur care in social inequity contexts
- Dirce Stein Backes ,
- Amanda Ruiz Forgiarini ,
- Lenise Dutra da Silva ,
- Martha Helena Teixeira Souza ,
- Marli Terezinha Stein Backes , [ … ],
- Andreas Büscher
Abstract
ORIGINAL ARTICLENursing entrepreneur care in social inequity contexts
Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem. 2020;73(4):e20190014
DOI 10.1590/0034-7167-2019-0014
- Dirce Stein Backes ,
- Amanda Ruiz Forgiarini ,
- Lenise Dutra da Silva ,
- Martha Helena Teixeira Souza ,
- Marli Terezinha Stein Backes ,
- Andreas Büscher
Views0See moreABSTRACT
Objectives:
to identify emancipatory strategies to strengthen the social protagonism of recyclable materials collectors in the light of entrepreneurial Nursing care.
Methods:
qualitative study carried out in two stages: field approach from healthcare interventions in a Recycling Materials Association, and individual interviews conducted between October and December 2018.
Results:
the analysis resulted in three thematic categories: Social contribution of recyclable materials collectors; From the assistentialist perception to entrepreneurial Nursing care; Emancipatory strategies of recycling work.
Final Considerations:
the emancipatory strategies to strengthen the social protagonism of recyclable materials collectors in the light of entrepreneurial Nursing care are related to the appreciation, recognition and enhancement of social work that has been already performed by these professionals, and to the creation of spaces for the socialization of experiences, expectations and perspectives.
- Dirce Stein Backes
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE10-21-2019
Premature mortality caused by the main chronic noncommunicable diseases in the Brazilian states
- Susana Cararo Confortin ,
- Selma Regina de Andrade ,
- Viviana Mariá Draeger ,
- Vandrize Meneghini ,
- Ione Jayce Ceola Schneider , [ … ],
- Aline Rodrigues Barbosa
Abstract
ORIGINAL ARTICLEPremature mortality caused by the main chronic noncommunicable diseases in the Brazilian states
Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem. 2019;72(6):1588-1594
DOI 10.1590/0034-7167-2018-0701
- Susana Cararo Confortin ,
- Selma Regina de Andrade ,
- Viviana Mariá Draeger ,
- Vandrize Meneghini ,
- Ione Jayce Ceola Schneider ,
- Aline Rodrigues Barbosa
Views0See moreABSTRACT
Objective:
To verify the variation of the premature mortality rate caused the group of the main chronic noncommunicable diseases.
Method:
This is a time-series ecological study, which used secondary data of the Mortality Information System, from 2006 to 2014, from the 26 federal units and from the Federal District. Deaths caused by circulatory system diseases, cancer, diabetes and chronic respiratory diseases were included. The trend of adjusted mortality rate was analyzed by segmented linear regression.
Results:
Premature mortality tended to be reduced in most states, except for Maranhão and Rio Grande do Norte, which presented a stable premature mortality rate. Bahia, Pernambuco, Sergipe, Roraima and all the states from the South, Southeast and Central-West Regions reached the goal of reducing 2% per year in premature mortality caused by main diseases.
Conclusion:
Most of the states showed a reduced mortality rate and are reaching the proposed target.
- Susana Cararo Confortin
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE06-01-2020
Primary care quality and its effects on leprosy monitoring indicators
Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem. 2020;73(4):e20190038
Abstract
ORIGINAL ARTICLEPrimary care quality and its effects on leprosy monitoring indicators
Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem. 2020;73(4):e20190038
DOI 10.1590/0034-7167-2019-0038
Views0See moreABSTRACT
Objectives:
to evaluate the quality of primary care in leprosy control actions, to correlate effects on monitoring indicators.
Methods:
a cross-sectional study, conducted in Belo Horizonte, from July to September 2014. Interviews with 408 professionals were conducted through the application of a tool that assesses attributes of primary care in leprosy control actions, and monitoring indicators were calculated. Spearman correlation was used, significance level p < 0.05.
Results:
the overall score correlated with the percentage of cases treated in primary care and of family health staff coverage. The derived score correlated with the percentage of cases treated in primary care, and the essential score correlated with the proportion and rate of cases diagnosed, with grade 2 physical disability.
Conclusions:
the quality of leprosy control actions performed by primary care professionals produces impacts on health indicators, and developing strategies consistent with the reality of the territory is necessary.
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE08-19-2019
Learning experiences in community health of nursing students
- Gladys Carmela Santos Falcón ,
- Santa Dolores Torres Alvarez ,
- Luz Elena Capcha Caso ,
- Gladys Filomena García Arias ,
- María Virginia Infante Contreras , [ … ],
- Alacoque Lorenzini Erdmann
Abstract
ORIGINAL ARTICLELearning experiences in community health of nursing students
Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem. 2019;72(4):841-847
DOI 10.1590/0034-7167-2017-0410
- Gladys Carmela Santos Falcón ,
- Santa Dolores Torres Alvarez ,
- Luz Elena Capcha Caso ,
- Gladys Filomena García Arias ,
- María Virginia Infante Contreras ,
- Alacoque Lorenzini Erdmann
Views0See moreABSTRACT
Objective:
Understand the learning experiences on health promotion and prevention of nursing interns during their community practice.
Method:
This is a descriptive-interpretative study, with a qualitative approach, obtaining data from 19 nursing interns from a public university in Lima-Perú, using 3 focus groups.
Results:
Three categories were structured: considering the importance of the nursing teacher in their training; experiencing complexity in training for the prevention and promotion of health in the community; and considering the preventive-promotional area as a future professional practice.
Final Considerations:
The students perceived the complexity of community practice in the prevention and promotion of health. They stated that teachers and students should know the context where they develop their practices and that teacher’s exercise leadership in the community. The inclination of some nursing interns for their future professional practice in this area was also evident.
- Gladys Carmela Santos Falcón
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE08-19-2019
Guidebook for renal dialysis patients: care of central venous catheters and arteriovenous fistula
- Larissa Rodrigues de Freitas ,
- Viviane Peixoto dos Santos Pennafort ,
- Ana Elza Oliveira de Mendonça ,
- Francisco José Maia Pinto ,
- Letícia Lima Aguiar , [ … ],
- Rita Mônica Borges Studart
Abstract
ORIGINAL ARTICLEGuidebook for renal dialysis patients: care of central venous catheters and arteriovenous fistula
Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem. 2019;72(4):896-902
DOI 10.1590/0034-7167-2018-0131
- Larissa Rodrigues de Freitas ,
- Viviane Peixoto dos Santos Pennafort ,
- Ana Elza Oliveira de Mendonça ,
- Francisco José Maia Pinto ,
- Letícia Lima Aguiar ,
- Rita Mônica Borges Studart
Views0See moreABSTRACT
Objective:
To design and validate the content and format of a guidebook for chronic renal failure patients about the care with venous access for hemodialysis at home.
Method:
Methodological study, in which the steps for the guidebook design were: project planning, literature search, material content, and qualification selection.
Results:
After analysis of the articles, the content to be included in the guidebook was selected. The first draft of the guidebook was submitted for content and format validation, with the participation of 12 specialists. The necessary adjustments for the design of the final version were made with the help of an illustrator.
Conclusion:
The designed guidebook, “Hemodialysis: Care of Venous Accesses and Intercurrences at Home,” consists of educational material to help hemodialysis patients with daily care with central venous catheter and arteriovenous fistula practices in case of intercurrences.
- Larissa Rodrigues de Freitas
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE07-01-2020
Knowledge of primary health care professionals on health policies for the riverside population
- Leandro Barreto da Silva ,
- Ivaneide Leal Ataíde Rodrigues ,
- Laura Maria Vidal Nogueira ,
- Ingrid Fabiane Santos da Silva ,
- Felipe Valino dos Santos
Abstract
ORIGINAL ARTICLEKnowledge of primary health care professionals on health policies for the riverside population
Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem. 2020;73(5):e20190080
DOI 10.1590/0034-7167-2019-0080
- Leandro Barreto da Silva ,
- Ivaneide Leal Ataíde Rodrigues ,
- Laura Maria Vidal Nogueira ,
- Ingrid Fabiane Santos da Silva ,
- Felipe Valino dos Santos
Views0See moreABSTRACT
Objectives:
to analyze the knowledge of health professionals on the health policies for the riverside population; identify how health practices with this group are developed; and discuss facilitators and barriers for the implementation of these policies.
Methods:
qualitative and descriptive study with 24 professionals from the Riverside Family Health Strategy Teams in the city of Belém-Pará. Data were collected in individual interviews and analyzed by Content Analysis.
Results:
although professionals demonstrate knowledge about public health policies, there is a need to expand and strengthen knowledge about health policies for the riverside population. The activities directed to the communities took place in the Unit itself, and some did not occur due to insufficient material and human resources.
Final Considerations:
the greatest barrier for the organization of health care is the lack of material and human resources, and the most prominent facilitator was the union and cohesion of the health team.
- Leandro Barreto da Silva
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REVIEW10-28-2020
Costs of nursing procedures/interventions: an integrative literature review
- Paula Buck de Oliveira Ruiz ,
- Caroline Rife Nobrega ,
- Cínthia Prates Vigna ,
- Antônio Fernandes Costa Lima
Abstract
REVIEWCosts of nursing procedures/interventions: an integrative literature review
Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem. 2020;73:e20190351
DOI 10.1590/0034-7167-2019-0351
- Paula Buck de Oliveira Ruiz ,
- Caroline Rife Nobrega ,
- Cínthia Prates Vigna ,
- Antônio Fernandes Costa Lima
Views0See moreABSTRACT
Objectives:
to analyze the scientific production of nurses regarding the costs of procedures/interventions performed by nursing professionals.
Methods:
integrative literature review with a sample of 17 primary articles selected from the CINAHL, Scopus, EMBASE databases and the PubMed portal.
Results:
all studies were conducted in hospitals, with quantitative, exploratory-descriptive studies, considering the case study method, with the description of costs method adopted, and the number of Brazilian publications stood out (12; 70.58%). The calculation of direct costs was most common due to the absence/difficulty of accessing information in the studied hospitals. This made it impossible to obtain the indirect costs that would be necessary for the composition of the total cost.
Conclusions:
it was shown that studies about the cost of procedures/interventions are still scarce, often covering only the calculation of direct costs. Nurses need to develop studies on such costs using the same methodology in different contexts of health care.
- Paula Buck de Oliveira Ruiz
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